{"id":6206,"date":"2019-06-18T19:28:22","date_gmt":"2019-06-18T19:28:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/?p=6206"},"modified":"2022-03-31T21:34:05","modified_gmt":"2022-03-31T21:34:05","slug":"how-do-lcds-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/how-do-lcds-work\/","title":{"rendered":"How Do LCDs Work?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"yoast-reading-time__wrapper\"><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__icon\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-icon=\"clock\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" style=\"display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.1em\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M12 8v4l3 3m6-3a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__spacer\" style=\"display:inline-block;width:1em\"><\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__descriptive-text\">Estimated reading time:  <\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__reading-time\">5<\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__time-unit\"> minutes<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Table of contents<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-polarization-of-light\" data-level=\"2\">Polarization of Light<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-boundary-conditions\" data-level=\"2\">Boundary Conditions<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-material-selection\" data-level=\"3\">Material selection<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-rubbing-direction\" data-level=\"3\">Rubbing direction<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-modes-of-lc-deformation\" data-level=\"3\">Modes of LC Deformation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-applying-an-electric-or-magnetic-field\" data-level=\"2\">Applying an Electric or Magnetic field<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-conductive-materials-application\" data-level=\"3\">Conductive materials &amp; application<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-strength-of-electric-field\" data-level=\"3\">Strength of electric field<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-summary\" data-level=\"2\">Summary<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-other-news\" data-level=\"2\">Other News<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-polarization-of-light\">Polarization of Light<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On the most basic level, most (not all) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/types-of-lcd-technology\/\">types of LCDs<\/a> change the polarization state of light passing through a layer of <a class=\"inbound-track-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/liquid-crystal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">liquid crystal<\/a> material. The geometry of that layer is controlled by a competition between boundary conditions and an applied electric field. Usually, for this type of LCD, nematic liquid crystals are used with special coatings applied to the rear and front substrates. The coatings serve to create the boundary conditions and to apply the required electric field. On the outside of the LCD cell, optical films (including polarizer films) are attached. They translate the change in polarization of the light into a bright and dark contrast. The display structure gets assembled in such a way that zero applied field gives one extreme brightness state and fully applied field results in the other extreme. An intermediate field creates an intermediate brightness level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image wp-image-6209 size-full\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918.jpg\" alt=\"LCD cell\" class=\"wp-image-6209\" width=\"343\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918.jpg 505w, https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918-300x270.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\" \/><figcaption><sub>Schematic view and cross-section of a simple LCD cell<\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image wp-image-6215 size-full\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/LC-Deformations.png\" alt=\"liquid crystal deformations\" class=\"wp-image-6215\" width=\"449\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/LC-Deformations.png 631w, https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/LC-Deformations-300x171.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 449px) 100vw, 449px\" \/><figcaption><sub>Liquid Crystal Deformations<\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-boundary-conditions\">Boundary Conditions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-material-selection\">Material selection<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common materials used to impose boundary conditions are called <strong>polyimides<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A solution (or a precursor) of a polyimide is deposited on the substrates and cured. The type of polyimide and the type of liquid crystal define what angle the liquid crystal molecules will assume at the contact point between the polyimide and the liquid crystal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>If the materials are \u2018similar\u2019, the LC molecules lay flat. <\/li><li>If they are dissimilar (like oil and water), the LC molecules stand upright. <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rubbing-direction\">Rubbing direction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2018<strong>Molecular engineering<\/strong>\u2019 is used to achieve the ideal angle for the application, which is different for different <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/types-of-lcd-technology\/\">kind of displays<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to define the direction of alignment, the polyimide surface is unidirectionally rubbed or brushed. LC molecules align parallel to that rubbing direction. If the angle and rubbing direction do not match on the two alignment surfaces, the liquid crystal alignment is elastically deformed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The nematic LC molecules want to be parallel to each other, but if the rubbing direction on either surface is orthogonal, the LC molecules are forced to twist very slightly from molecule to molecule until across the entire layer the direction has turned by 90\u00b0. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-modes-of-lc-deformation\">Modes of LC Deformation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There are three principal modes of deformation possible in a nematic liquid crystal. Each has its own elastic constant (spring constant). Some deformation may require more or less force, depending on the molecular structure of the liquid crystal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The three principal modes of deformation are called: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>splay,<\/li><li>bend, <\/li><li>and twist.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-applying-an-electric-or-magnetic-field\">Applying an Electric or Magnetic field<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common way to apply a force to deform the liquid crystal structure is applying an electric field (magnetic would also work) across the liquid crystal layer or parallel to the liquid crystal layer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conductive-materials-application\">Conductive materials &amp; application<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to apply the field, it is necessary to have a transparent conductor so that the effect of the liquid crystal on light can be observed. <strong>Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO)<\/strong> is such a conductor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LCD manufacturers either buy ITO coated glass, or do the ITO coating as part of the manufacturing process. The ITO layer gets defined into shapes and patterns as needed by photolithography. The shapes and patterns of the two ITO layers (front and back) define the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/types-of-lcd-technology\/\">pixels<\/a> and icons on the display.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image wp-image-6208\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"407\" height=\"121\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ITO-traces-on-glass.jpg\" alt=\"ITO traces\" class=\"wp-image-6208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ITO-traces-on-glass.jpg 407w, https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ITO-traces-on-glass-300x89.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px\" \/><figcaption>ITO traces on glass connection to a driver chip. The (transparent) ITO is visible due to its different, bluish reflectance compared to uncoated glass.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-strength-of-electric-field\">Strength of electric field<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In an applied field, the liquid crystal molecules want to align with respect to the field in such a way that the energy is minimized. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>If the field is strong enough, the molecular order imposed by the boundary conditions is overcome and the field determines the alignment of the molecules. <\/li><li>If the field is weaker, the structure is deformed by the field. <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>In either case, when the field is removed, the effect of the boundary conditions takes over and the liquid crystal alignment returns to the state before field application. It behaves like a spring that gets deformed when a force is applied, then returns to its original shape when the force is removed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-summary\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In summary, the combined structure acts as an electrically tunable shutter that lets more or less light pass through. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left has-text-color wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-other-news\" style=\"color:#286390\"><strong>Other News<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-posts stk-block-posts stk-block stk-fedeb29\" data-block-id=\"fedeb29\"><style>.stk-fedeb29-container .stk-img-wrapper{width:100% !important}.stk-fedeb29 .stk-block-posts__title a{font-size:16px !important;color:#08334e !important;font-weight:bold !important}@media screen and (max-width:1023px){.stk-fedeb29 .stk-block-posts__title a{font-size:16px !important}}.stk-fedeb29{--stk-columns:4 !important}<\/style><div class=\"stk-inner-blocks stk-content-align stk-fedeb29-column\"><div class=\"stk-block-posts__items\"><div class=\"stk-block-posts__item\"><div class=\"stk-container stk-fedeb29-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><article><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/nvd-announces-sun-vision-display-reflective-lcd-computer-monitor\/\" class=\"stk-block-posts__image-link\"><figure class=\"stk-img-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Linkedin-Post_computer-monitor_1000x1000.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"Sun Vision Display 32&quot; color RLCD computer monitor\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Linkedin-Post_computer-monitor_1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Linkedin-Post_computer-monitor_1000x1000-300x300.jpg 300w, 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stk--no-padding\"><article><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/3d-gesture-touch\/\" class=\"stk-block-posts__image-link\"><figure class=\"stk-img-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3D-Gesture-Touch-Demo_Cover-Image-e1642622298764.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"2D\/3D Gesture Touch\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3D-Gesture-Touch-Demo_Cover-Image-e1642622298764.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3D-Gesture-Touch-Demo_Cover-Image-e1642622298764-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/3D-Gesture-Touch-Demo_Cover-Image-e1642622298764-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, 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href=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/new-vision-display-wins-oem-award-4-years-in-a-row\/\" class=\"stk-block-posts__image-link\"><figure class=\"stk-img-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/shutterstock_344101109-1-1-e1629381955662.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><\/a><h3 class=\"stk-block-posts__title has-text-color\"><a href='https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/new-vision-display-wins-oem-award-4-years-in-a-row\/'>New Vision Display wins prestigious Tier 1 OEM award 4 years running<\/a><\/h3><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"stk-block-posts__item\"><div class=\"stk-container stk-fedeb29-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><article><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/nvd-awarded-by-visteon-2020\/\" class=\"stk-block-posts__image-link\"><figure class=\"stk-img-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Visteon-Home-Page-Banner.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"Visteon awards NVD\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Visteon-Home-Page-Banner.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Visteon-Home-Page-Banner-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Visteon-Home-Page-Banner-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Visteon-Home-Page-Banner-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Visteon-Home-Page-Banner-700x700.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Visteon-Home-Page-Banner-940x940.jpg 940w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" 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Display&#x2122;<\/a><\/h3><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"stk-block-posts__item\"><div class=\"stk-container stk-fedeb29-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><article><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/nvd-john-deere-supplier-of-the-year-2019\/\" class=\"stk-block-posts__image-link\"><figure class=\"stk-img-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/John-Deere-Award.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"John Deere Award\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/John-Deere-Award.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/John-Deere-Award-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/John-Deere-Award-150x150.jpg 150w, 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has-text-color\"><a href='https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/covid-19-coronavirus\/'>New Vision Display Customer Statement on the COVID-19 Coronavirus<\/a><\/h3><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"stk-block-posts__item\"><div class=\"stk-container stk-fedeb29-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><article><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/nvd-acquires-zbd-lcd-technology\/\" class=\"stk-block-posts__image-link\"><figure class=\"stk-img-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ZBD-LCDs_1000x1000_101.2k.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"New Product: ZBD LCDs\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ZBD-LCDs_1000x1000_101.2k.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ZBD-LCDs_1000x1000_101.2k-300x300.jpg 300w, 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passing through a layer of liquid crystal material. The geometry of that layer is controlled by a competition between boundary conditions and an applied electric field. Usually, for this type of LCD, nematic liquid crystals are used with special coatings applied to the rear and front substrates. The coatings serve to create the boundary conditions&#8230;&nbsp;<br \/> <a class=\"readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/how-do-lcds-work\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":6209,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1978],"tags":[2002],"class_list":{"0":"post-6206","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-lcd-displays","8":"tag-display-manufacturer","9":"entry"},"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":["https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918.jpg",505,454,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918-300x270.jpg",300,270,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-768x447.jpg",768,447,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918.jpg",505,454,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918.jpg",505,454,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918.jpg",505,454,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918-300x300.jpg",300,300,true],"project-thumbnails":["https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918-300x300.jpg",300,300,true],"category-thumb":["https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918-300x270.jpg",300,270,true],"home-thumb-med":["https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-700x407.jpg",700,407,true],"home-thumb-small":["https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918-505x400.jpg",505,400,true],"home-thumb-big":["https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918.jpg",505,454,false],"slide-head":["https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Schematic-view-and-cross-section-of-a-simple-LCD-cell-e1560883932918.jpg",505,454,false]},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"<p>Estimated reading time: 5 minutes Table of contentsPolarization of LightBoundary ConditionsMaterial selectionRubbing directionModes of LC DeformationApplying an Electric or Magnetic fieldConductive materials &amp; applicationStrength of electric fieldSummaryOther News Polarization of Light On the most basic level, most (not all) types of LCDs change the polarization state of light passing through a layer of liquid crystal material. The geometry of that layer is controlled by a competition between boundary conditions and an applied electric field. Usually, for this type of LCD, nematic liquid crystals are used with special coatings applied to the rear and front substrates. The coatings serve to create&hellip;<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/category\/lcd-displays\/\" rel=\"category tag\">LCD Displays<\/a>","author_info_v2":{"name":"NVDisplay","url":"https:\/\/www.newvisiondisplay.com\/ch\/author\/nvdisplay\/"},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How do LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays) work? - New Vision Display<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Liquid crystals act as shutters, permitting or blocking transmission of polarized light. 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